about computer

Please Vote For Me

2010-12-18T02:32:00.005+08:00

I am doing this banner for my blog and I need your comment whether it is suitable or not. Thanks for comment.

The Best Antivirus Rating

2010-12-17T12:16:00.006+08:00

Tired for choosing the best antivirus to secure your computer? I suggesting you to use Comodo Internet Security Premium. No need money to buy it just go the page and download it's freeware. It's very though and you also can customize your firewall until fifth level of security. How about their rating? Comodo Internet Security Premium get the highers voted which all of you can refer from the picture below and from link to the relevant website. So what are you waiting for? Go and get it free now! You can download it from Filehippo or on their website (Comodo) and try it now!

Click here to get there.

Computer Maintenance

2010-12-16T12:57:00.007+08:00

You may not realize it, but your computer and your car have something in common. They both need regular maintenance. No, you don't need to change your computer's oil. But you should be updating your software, keeping your anti virus subscription up to date, and checking for spy-ware. Read on to learn what you can do to help improve your computer's security.

Getting started

Here are some basics maintenance tasks you can do today to start improving your computer's security. Be sure you make these part of your ongoing maintenance as well.

* Sign up for software update e-mail notices. Many software companies will send you e-mail whenever a software update is available. This is particularly important for your operating system (e.g., Microsoft VV!|VD0VV$® or Macintosh), your antivirus program, and your firewall.

* Register your software. If you still have registration forms for existing software, send them in. And be sure to register new software in the future. This is another way for the software manufacturer to alert you when new updates are available.

* Install software updates immediately. When you get an update notice, download the update immediately and install it. (Remember, downloading and installing are two separate tasks.)

A few simple steps will help you keep your files safe and clean.

* Step 1: Update your software
* Step 2: Backup your files
* Step 3: Use anti virus software and keep it updated
* Step 4: Change your passwords

Developing ongoing maintenance practices

Now that you've done some ground work, it's time to start moving into longer term maintenance tasks. These are all tasks that you should do today (or as soon as possible) to get started. But for best results, make these a part of a regular maintenance schedule. We recommend setting aside time each week to help keep your computer secure.

* Back up your files. Backing up your files simply means creating a copy of your computer files that you can use in the event the originals are lost. (Accidents can happen.)

* Scan your files with up to date anti virus software. Use your anti virus scan tool regularly to search for potential computer viruses and worms. Also, check your anti virus program's user manual to see if you can schedule an automatic scan of your computer.

* Change your passwords. Using the same password increases the odds that someone else will discover it. Change all of your passwords regularly (we recommend monthly) to reduce your risk. Also, choose your passwords carefully.

Making a schedule

One of the best ways to help protect your computer is to perform maintenance regularly. To help you keep track, we suggest making a regular "appointment" with your computer. Treat it like you would any other appointment. Record it in your datebook or online calendar, and if you cannot make it, reschedule. Remember, you are not only helping to improve your computer, you are also helping to protect your personal information.

Broken Internet Explorer (IE)

2010-12-16T12:32:00.004+08:00

So one of your friends, “not you of course”, has managed to nuke Internet Explorer and they are unsure how they did it. You’ve eliminated the possibility of viruses and adware, so this just leaves you and a broken IE. Before you begin to even consider running a repair install of the OS, let’s try to do a repair on IE instead.

THE REPAIR PROCESS

Start > Run> regedit > HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE > SOFTWARE > Microsoft > Active Setup > Installed Components > {89820200-ECBD-11cf-8B85-00AA005B4383} > right-click the “IsInstalled value.” > Modify > change the value from 1 to 0

All right, go ahead and close the editor and reinstall IE from this location. /http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie/default.mspx

IF SOMETHING GOES WRONG

If messing with the registry and something goes horribly wrong, you can use “Last Known Good Configuration (F8 Safe Mode)” or a Restore Point to get back to where you were before, with your settings. Then you can try again, this time taking care to watch the portion of the registry you are changing. Most people who have troubles with this end up changing the wrong registry key.

I hope this will help you

Solved!

Enable Task Manager

2010-12-15T18:54:00.005+08:00

Did you having problem with your Task Manager?Always pop-up "Your task manager has been disabled by Administrator"?

Try this!

Start > Run > gpedit.msc > User Configuration > Administrative Templates > System > Ctrl+Alt+Del Options > Remove Task Manager > Put it into DISABLED

SOLVED!

Increase Internet Connection

2010-03-18T21:47:00.003+08:00

I finding something about network and I found this. It's useful for us that having slow internet connection. try and see your self the differences. Below is the way how to configure it :

Access the Group Policy Editor. This can be done by typing gpedit.msc in the Run box (Start, and then Run). You will now be looking at something like this.
Navigate to Computer Configuration/Administrative Templates/Network/QOS Packet Scheduler using the pane on the left side.
In the left pane, there should be a Setting with the name Limit reservable bandwidth, right-click this and select properties.
Now this might seem a bit weird, as the State will say “Not Configured” but Windows by default will reserve 20%. So the trick is to set it to reserve 0%. You can do this by clicking enabled and then setting the Bandwidth Limit % to 0. It should look like the image below.
Hit OK then close the Group Policy Editor.

Creating remote desktop

2010-03-18T21:32:00.003+08:00

Remote Desktop is ways that you want to control other pc from other place and computer.This is also are the best and simple ways to stay connect to your pc at home.

To allow remote connections on the computer you want to connect to, follow these steps:
1- On the computer you want to allow a connection, open the system through the Control Panel.
2- Click "Remote Settings". Under "Remote Desktop", select one of the two "Allow Connections" options. Click "Help Me Choose" if you're not sure which one is right for you. You may be prompted for an administrator password or confirmation during this step.
3- Click "Select Users".
4- In the "Remote Desktop Users" dialog box, click "Add" to add your name.
5- In the "Select Users dialog" box, click "Locations", and choose the location you want to search.
6- In the "Enter The Object Names To Select" box, type the name of the user to add. Click OK.
7- In the "System Properties" dialog box, click OK.

To start Remote Desktop on the computer you want to work from, follow these steps:
1- Open "Remote Desktop Connection" (click the Start button, and search for Remote Desktop Connection).
2- In Computer, type the name of the computer to which you will be connecting. You can type the "IP" address of the computer instead of the name if you prefer. If you don't know your computer's name, click the Start button, and then click "Welcome Center". The computer name will be at the top of the window.
3- Click "Connect".

problem with sound card

2010-01-04T10:09:00.003+08:00

Hi guy! we meet again..This is the information that I can share with you guy...if you are using sound card on your pc...this is one of the ways to solve your problem...

If it's a sound card, remove the drivers.
Shut down the PC an remove the card.
Power up and verify that Windows does not see any sound card.
Try use your built-in to check whether it could function on built-in
Power down and reinstall the sound card.
Power up and when Windows identifies the new card, specify where the
driver file you downloaded is on your hard disk and then let Windows
install the new drivers from that location on the hard drive

Can't boot in safe mode

2009-12-17T23:28:00.004+08:00

Before this I also having this problem when repairing pc's so you need to follow the step below to start safe mode after to configure you pc. It should be solve your problem.

1. Click start
2 .Click run
3. Type msconfig and hit enter
4. Click the radio button for Diagnostic Startup
5. Click apply and close
6. In the dialogue box that appears click restart
7. When windows restarts you will be in safe mode
8. Minimize the window and run your programs
9. When you are done, go back to normal startup.

Hdd low level format

2009-12-17T11:44:00.002+08:00

This tools i founded to make low level format. It's easy to use the software.

to download the tool click here try it..

My laptop cannot connect to wireless and problem ip addresses

2009-12-08T23:38:00.006+08:00

I had repair someone laptop that using celcom broadband before this. His computer cannot connect to wireless signal. I though problem with ip address and I renewing the ip addresses but still having a problem.Below is ways to solve it..

Hover your mouse to My Computer(for win XP) or Computer(win vista and win 7)
right click and go to the properties..
If you are using Win XP click to hardware tab after that click Device Manager and for Win Vista and Win 7 just click to the Device Manager
After that just install the driver back
It's easy right?No need to headache to find the solution..good luck!

how to view routing table

2009-11-22T22:28:00.003+08:00

Sorry for long time not posting new entry..

This is the ways to view your routing table...

click start > Run
type cmd on the textbox area
after appear Command Prompt window
type netstat view

That all for now..good luck

how to renew IP address

2009-11-15T02:11:00.003+08:00

This is the simple ways to get unique IP address..

Go to Run -> type cmd -> ipconfig /release -> ipconfig /renew
Turn off your modem for 15 second ->delete all cookies in your web browser
Restart of Shutdown your PC.

This is the simple emthod that I know. Use this way to get new IP address..Good Luck!

Hamachi

2009-11-14T17:13:00.004+08:00

What is Hamachi? Hamachi is one of software use to connect other computer on WAN..I will show how to setup Hamachi on your pc..Let's do it now..

Nuffnang Team

2009-11-13T14:53:00.003+08:00

Kindly please leave your link cause I wan to bookmark it..So it's easy for me to shoot your nuffnang and I will put your link behind the entry...

don't forget to click my nuff everyday I will hit you back

How to remove autorun.inf from USB Drive

2009-11-12T20:30:00.005+08:00

After I make some research I found new ways to remove autorun.inf from your USB drive or flash drive.

Open the My Computer from your desktop or start up menu
Click View and go to Folder Option
Click on View tab
Change to show hidden files, folders and drive
Unchecked the Hide empty drives in the Computer folder
Unchecked the Hide the extensions for known file types
Unchecked the Hide protected operating system files
Click Apply and followed OK button on below
Open your Flash Drive from search bar
Lastly press Shift+delete to permanently delete file name autorun.inf

Purpose of autorun.inf is to run on the virus inside your flash drive and infected to the other drives.

To all my friends

2009-11-12T17:48:00.001+08:00

Beside the entry have a link to my other blog..pease visit and be my follower..thanks for supporting me..

Apache http Server

2009-10-21T23:10:00.004+08:00

Hye guy! we meet again. Today I just want to help my knowledge how to setup Apache http server. Maybe you can refer to the youtube.com but you need to find the video first if you refer to me just below my post I already put the video to you just refer to the video.

Okay let's say you want to setup the Apache. I give you some simple instruction to follow

Download the Apache http from apache.org or click this link for windows only: click here
Open the installer and setup it
When chage on the network domain field to the localhost
Change also the server name to localhost and Administrator Email address to admin@localhost
After that click next and wait for the installation finish

Good luck my friend, kindly all you can give some response / feedback.

Drive Protection

2009-10-20T23:37:00.002+08:00

Follow the instruction to remove a trojan and make a drive protection. This will remove the autorun.inf from executing in your system.

follow this instruction :

Click Start -> Run.
Type notepad and press Enter.
Copy all the text below into Notepad.
@echo off

set drv=c:\

attrib -A -H -S -R %drv%\autorun.inf
del \\.\%drv%\autorun.inf\"lpt3.This folder was created by Flash_Disinfector"
rd %drv%\autorun.inf
Save this as remove_fd.bat to your Desktop (remember to select Save as file type: All files in Notepad).
Double Click remove_fd.bat and wait for the dos window to close and file.txt will appear on the desktop.
Repeat previous steps to all drives, make replacing c with the appropriate drive letter.

This is a program designed and developed by sUBs (author of combofix) to clean autorun.inf Trojans that are executing on the system.

Intrusion Detection Systems

2009-10-20T20:14:00.007+08:00

what is intrusion detection systems?what is use for?how we can get it?what are the software?

Intrusion detection systems is one of the ways you to protect you network from being attack by hacker or cracker. Intrusion detection system means to differentiate between an authorized entry and a malicious intrusion. There are two types of intrusion detection systems that is signature-based and heuristic-based. Intrusion detection systems also known as IDS.

Snort are one of the intrusion detection systems famous software but it hard to configure. How it's work? Snort also will tells you where are the attack came from and lot of more. This software also can terminate the connection the suspicious events.

You can download this kind of intrusion detection software from www.snort.org. How to configure this software? You can refer this video below or you can get the instruction from snort.org.

Troubleshoot Window Vista

2009-10-18T23:24:00.002+08:00

To run the System File Checker tool, follow these steps:

Click Start
, and then type cmd in the Start Search box.
Right-click cmd in the Programs list, and then click Run as administrator.
If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type your password or click Continue
At the command prompt, the following line, and then press ENTER:
sfc /scannow

To restore the operating system to an earlier point in time, follow these steps:

Click Start

, type system restore in the Start Search box, and then click System Restore in the Programs list.
If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type your password or click Continue.
In the System Restore dialog box, click Choose a different restore point, and then click Next.
In the list of restore points, click a restore point that was created before you began to experience the issue, and then click Next.
Click Finish.

Missing Start Menu

2009-09-27T19:46:00.004+08:00

I found this way to solve your problem..

to download this taskbar tool click Here...
if you can't fix this problems try to use window CD to repair the problem.
refer to this website Click Here
If all the step can't help you anbd there is no other ways, you need to make a backup and format.

please leave a comment if you need help..

Problem with office?

2009-09-10T07:32:00.003+08:00

Microsoft now offers an in-house physician. MS Diagnostics is a tool included with the Microsoft Office2007 system that runs a battery of tests which can let you know about the problems and help you with ways that to solve them. You must have run into Microsoft Office2003’s Detect and Repair features; MS Office Diagnostics is like a MRI Scan to the former’s X-ray. It gives a more thorough run over to your system with better repair choices.

MS Diagnostics sizes up your system by running these scans,

* Setup Diagnostic

Files and the registry are scanned for glitches commonly caused by viruses and faulty installations. This test can take up to 15 minutes or more as it goes into the very nerve center of the computer.

* Disk Diagnostic

This diagnostic test scans the hard disk for potential problems. It looks at the Windows system event log and the SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) feature of your hard disk if available. This test is sure to let you know if the hard disk is headed for a crash.

* Memory Diagnostic

This checks up on the stability of the RAM.

* Update Diagnostic

This is an update check – does your computer and your Office suite have all the updates installed? It is important as official updates smoothen out the bugs and make the system more stable. This test is available only if Check for Updates is enabled for the Office suite.

* Compatibility Diagnostic

Sometimes you may have different versions of the same Office application installed or conflicting DLL files might be causing the errors. The compatibility test checks for this and nails the problem factor.

* Check for known solutions

This test uses the vast database of Microsoft’s crash cases and their possible solutions to offer a similar for you after reviewing the crash reports on your system.

Now, let’s diagnose…

Though it sounds like a very serious piece of work, in practice it’s not. That’s a hurrah for Microsoft’s user friendliness. Before running the tests, close all open programs and avoid using the computer for the duration of the check-up.

1. MS Office Diagnostic can be found under the MS Office tools group menu.

2. MS office Diagnostic window opens to inform the user that the test may take up to 15 minutes and also connect to Microsoft’s servers. Click on continue.

3. This window displays the tests that will be carried out. Begin the scan by clicking on Run Diagnostic.

4. The diagnostics will run one by one and notify you of any glitches detected. This should ideally complete in less than 10-15 minutes if there aren’t any errors.

5. At the end of the diagnostic run, a summary of results is displayed. Here, perhaps is the only significant catch in the tool – it does not give the specific error. The diagnostic tool can make some repairs to the installation. Clicking on continue will connect you to Microsoft’s vast information resource of problems and solutions. You can follow its recommendations to resolve an error if the repairs fail.

The above steps diagnose the entire Office suite. To save time, you can shortcut the process and have the tool check up on a single Office application. For instance,

* Diagnostics on MS Word can be accessed from: Microsoft Office Button – Word Options – Resources
Similarly for MS Excel/MS Access/MS PowerPoint, the tool can be accessed from: Microsoft Office Button – [Office Suite] Options – Resources

* For the others like MS Outlook/MS Visio/MS SharePoint Designer/MS Project/MS Publisher, the path is: Help – Office Diagnostics

Note: If all the above options fail to open MS Diagnostics, you can access the application directly from its location – C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\OFFICE12\ offdiag.exe

After a run of MS Diagnostic tool, the problem may or may not get resolved. But Microsoft Diagnostics packs in a rapid detect and fix mechanism which gives us a ‘crash’ course in Office repair.

Missing languange bar

2009-09-10T07:18:00.001+08:00

You may be able to restore your language bar with the following registry entries (place the following lines in a file called fix.reg and use that.):

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{540D8A8B-1C3F-4E32-8132-530F6A502090}]
@="Language bar"
"MenuTextPUI"="@%SystemRoot%\\System32\\msutb.dll,-325"

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{540D8A8B-1C3F-4E32-8132-530F6A502090}\Implemented Categories]

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{540D8A8B-1C3F-4E32-8132-530F6A502090}\Implemented Categories\{00021492-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}]

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{540D8A8B-1C3F-4E32-8132-530F6A502090}\InProcServer32]
@="C:\\WINDOWS\\system32\\msutb.dll"
"ThreadingModel"="Apartment"

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer]
"NoSaveSettings"=dword:00000000

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\CTF\LangBar]
"ShowStatus"=dword:00000004

How to enter you computer if forgot password

2009-09-05T01:30:00.004+08:00

First way

Reboot your machine.
Press F8 before the Windows boot screen appears.
- Do not press F5 as used on the NT/9x series of Windows.
You will be be prompted with a boot options menu.
Select the Start Windows in Safe Mode option.
Click through several self-explanatory screens until your reach the familiar 'Welcome' screen.
Note that this welcome screen is limited to 256 colors and 640x480 resolution because the primary graphics will have been set to the Windows Safe Mode software VGA adapter. You will not be able to change this mode even in Display options, while Windows is running in Safe Mode.
Find the icon for the Administrator user. If the default settings of your system haven't been changed, there should be no password for this account.
- The Safe Mode Welcome screen might display some of the other users on your system.
Login as the admin.
Press Yes at the prompt asking if you would like to continue using Safe Mode.
Continue on to the User Settings control panel. Here you can change any of the other passwords for user on the machine. Make any changes you want.
Reboot your computer. As long as you don't press any keys (i.e. F8) during the boot-up the computer will startup normally.
Login as the user for which you set the password.

  If it doesn't work above , you can try to use windows password reset 6.0 or OPHCrack (for free)
to crack your windows password  without erasing anything.

Second way

Login to a computer that can connect to the Internet. Download Windows Password Reset Tool and decompress it on that PC. Note that there is an .ISO file. Burn the .ISO file to a CD.
Get out the newly created CD and insert it into the locked computer.
Reboot the locked computer and then follow the process of instructions. Just a few steps, the old password was removed.
Setting new password:

Step one: Open the "Control Panel"

Step two: Click the "User Account "

Step three: Select the account you wanna to set a new password.

Step four: Click "changing Account " and "set up password", then fill out the form as listed. Click "Create Password".

Thus, you have a personal login ID and Password, anyone has no right to login to your computer without this info.

Third way

Open Command Prompt. If you don't know how, open the Start menu, go to Programs (or on Windows 2000 and up, all programs), go to Accessories, then you'll see Command Prompt, click it.
You'll see a black screen pop up.
Type in: "Net User"
It will then show you a detailed little chart of all the User Accounts on the computer.
Choose which account you want to hack.
Say it says the user accounts are: Owner, Administrator, John, Alice, Christopher, and Guest.
You choose Alice (Say you wanted to annoy your wife or girlfriend, I told you this would be a useful guide ;) ).
Now type: "Net User Alice", it'll give you A LOT of information about the account. This step isn't necessary, but it gives you information on other things you can do to the account, such as set it as innactive and delete it.
Type in: "Net User Alice *" It'll tell you to enter a password, then again to confirm it. This will both change the password or make a new one.
Good Job! You've actually hacked an account! Now if Alice says anything, good luck with that, that's in the article "How to Ignore an Annoying Wife or Girlfriend"... if it exists.

Window Blue Screen After update XP SP3

2009-09-02T23:42:00.004+08:00

Sometimes your computer will having output like the picture bellow. After I search for the solution and maybe this is one of the ways to solve this problem.

HP had comes out with a solution. There are 5 steps to fix this problem:

Restart computer and press F8 key repeatedly until Windows Advanced Options Menu appears.
Choose Safe Mode.
Browse to C:\Windows\System32\Drivers.
Find a file named “intelppm.sys” and rename it to “XXXintelppm.syx“.
Restart.

The problem should be fixed and you will no longer get the same error message.

plz comment me if you need help

How to setup network printer

2009-09-02T23:36:00.001+08:00

Click Start, then Printers and Faxes (Windows XP) or Windows icon, Control Panel, Hardware and Sound, then Printer (Windows Vista). Double-click Add a Printer to start the "Add Printer Wizard," then click Next.
You will be given an option between Local Printer and Network Printer. Select Local Printer. Make sure the Automatically detect and install my plug and play printer is not selected (Windows XP), then click Next. Select Create a new port in the Type field, then select Standard TCP/IP Port. Click Next (twice in Windows XP).
In the Printer Name or IP Address field, enter the Domain (host) name of the printer (e.g., printToMe.dartmouth.edu) which you received from the Hostmaster in response to your request for a fixed IP address. Click Next, then Finish.
If you are placed back in the Select the Printer Port window, make sure that Use the following port is selected. From the list, select the Standard TCP/IP Port you just created. It should appear at the bottom of the list. Click Next.
Select the manufacturer and printer model, or select Have Disk if you are going to install the drivers from a CD or have installed them from the Web. Click Next.
In the Name field, enter the name that will identify your printer on your computer. Specify whether you want this printer to be the default printer. Click Next. Select Do not share printer, then click Next twice. Click Finish. The printer should now be accessible from your computer.
You should be able to print a test page on the printer.

Need to click twice before shutdown

2009-09-01T06:08:00.004+08:00

After my friend tells me that he needed help..this is my ideas what should do when your pc or laptop need to click shutdown twice before shutdown..this is not the best ideas but I try my best to help..

Try scan your computer with anti virus and anti malware or spyware program
If 1. still can help you try to make system restore. choose the date before the problem started
You also need to check on the task manager to make sure that is no running programs
You can also make a checkdisk maybe the hardisk having problem
Insert the Windows CD the boot it..and go to repair windows
lastly if all step cannot help you..and this ways is need to choose..format it..but remember you need to backup all your document...

plz comment me if u try..maybe i got new ideas to share..
good luck

10 things you can do when Windows XP won't boot

2009-08-24T02:40:00.007+08:00

Note: This article is also available as a download.

When your computer hardware appears to power up okay, but the Windows XP operating system won't boot properly, you have to begin a troubleshooting expedition that includes getting into the operating system, determining the problem, and then fixing it. To help you get started on this expedition, here are 10 things you can do when Windows XP won't boot.

#1: Use a Windows startup disk
One of the first things you should reach for when troubleshooting a Windows XP boot problem is a Windows startup disk. This floppy disk can come in handy if the problem is being caused when either the startup record for the active partition or the files that the operating system uses to start Windows have become corrupted.

To create a Windows startup disk, insert a floppy disk into the drive of a similarly configured, working Windows XP system, launch My Computer, right-click the floppy disk icon, and select the Format command from the context menu. When you see the Format dialog box, leave all the default settings as they are and click the Start button. Once the format operation is complete, close the Format dialog box to return to My Computer, double-click the drive C icon to access the root directory, and copy the following three files to the floppy disk:

Boot.ini
NTLDR
Ntdetect.com

After you create the Windows startup disk, insert it into the floppy drive on the afflicted system and press [Ctrl][Alt][Delete] to reboot the computer. When you boot from the Windows startup disk, the computer will bypass the active partition and boot files on the hard disk and attempt to start Windows XP normally.

#2: Use Last Known Good Configuration
You can also try to boot the operating system with the Last Known Good Configuration feature. This feature will allow you to undo any changes that caused problems in the CurrentControlSet registry key, which defines hardware and driver settings. The Last Known Good Configuration feature replaces the contents of the CurrentControlSet registry key with a backup copy that was last used to successfully start up the operating system.

To use the Last Known Good Configuration feature, first restart the computer by pressing [Ctrl][Alt][Delete]. When you see the message Please select the operating system to start or hear the single beep, press [F8] to display the Windows Advanced Options menu. Select the Last Known Good Configuration item from the menu and press [Enter].

Keep in mind that you get only one shot with the Last Known Good Configuration feature. In other words, if it fails to revive your Windows XP on the first attempt, the backup copy is also corrupt.

#3: Use System Restore
Another tool that might be helpful when Windows XP won't boot is System Restore. System Restore runs in the background as a service and continually monitors system-critical components for changes. When it detects an impending change, System Restore immediately makes backup copies, called restore points, of these critical components before the change occurs. In addition, System Restore is configured by default to create restore points every 24 hours.

To use System Restore, first restart the computer by pressing [Ctrl][Alt][Delete]. When you see the message Please select the operating system to start or hear the single beep, press [F8] to display the Windows Advanced Options menu. Now, select the Safe Mode item from the menu and press [Enter].

Once Windows XP boots into Safe mode, click the Start button, access the All Programs | Accessories | System Tools menu, and select System Restore. Because you're running in Safe mode, the only option on the opening screen of the System Restore wizard is Restore My Computer To An Earlier Time, and it's selected by default, so just click Next. Then, follow along with the wizard to select a restore point and begin the restoration procedure.

#4: Use Recovery Console
When a Windows XP boot problem is severe, you'll need to use a more drastic approach. The Windows XP CD is bootable and will provide you with access to a tool called Recovery Console.

To boot from the Windows XP CD, insert it into the CD-ROM drive on the problem system and press [Ctrl][Alt][Delete] to reboot the computer. Once the system begins booting from the CD, simply follow the prompts that will allow the loading of the basic files needed to run Setup. When you see the Welcome To Setup screen, shown in Figure A, press R to start the Recovery Console.

Figure A

You'll then see a Recovery Console menu, like the one shown in Figure B. It displays the folder containing the operating system's files and prompts you to choose the operating system you want to log on to. Just press the menu number on the keyboard, and you'll be prompted to enter the Administrator's password. You'll then find yourself at the main Recovery Console prompt.

Figure B

#5: Fix a corrupt Boot.ini
As the Windows XP operating system begins to load, the Ntldr program refers to the Boot.ini file to determine where the operating system files reside and which options to enable as the operating system continues to load. So if there's a problem rooted in the Boot.ini file, it can render Windows XP incapable of booting correctly.

If you suspect that Windows XP won't boot because Boot.ini has been corrupted, you can use the special Recovery Console version of the Bootcfg tool to fix it. Of course, you must first boot the system with the Windows XP CD and access the Recovery Console as described in #4.

To use the Bootcfg tool, from the Recovery Console command prompt, type
Bootcfg /parameter
Where /parameter is one of these required parameters:
/Add--Scans the disk for all Windows installations and allows you to add any new ones to the Boot.ini file.
/Scan--Scans the disk for all Windows installations.
/List--Lists each entry in the Boot.ini file.
/Default--Sets the default operating system as the main boot entry.
/Rebuild--Completely re-creates the Boot.ini file. The user must confirm each step.
/Redirect--Allows the boot operation to be redirected to a specific port when using the Headless Administration feature. The Redirect parameter takes two parameters of its own, [Port Baudrate ] | [UseBiosSettings].
/Disableredirect--Disables the redirection.

#6: Fix a corrupt partition boot sector
The partition boot sector is a small section of the hard disk partition that contains information about the operating system's file system (NTFS or FAT32), as well as a very small machine language program that is crucial in assisting the operating system as it loads.

If you suspect that Windows XP won't boot because the partition boot sector has been corrupted, you can use a special Recovery Console tool called Fixboot to fix it. Start by booting the system with the Windows XP CD and accessing the Recovery Console as described in #4.
To use the Fixboot tool, from the Recovery Console command prompt, type
Fixboot [drive]:
Where [drive] is the letter of the drive to which you want to write a new partition boot sector.

#7: Fix a corrupt master boot record
The master boot record occupies the first sector on the hard disk and is responsible for initiating the Windows boot procedure. The master boot record contains the partition table for the disk as well as a small program called the master boot code, which is responsible for locating the active, or bootable, partition, in the partition table. Once this occurs, the partition boot sector takes over and begins loading Windows. If the master boot record is corrupt, the partition boot sector can't do its job and Windows won't boot.

If you suspect Windows XP won't boot because the master boot record has been corrupted, you can use the Recovery Console tool Fixmbr to fix it. First, boot the system with the Windows XP CD and access the Recovery Console as described in #4.

To use the Fixmbr tool, from the Recovery Console command prompt, type
Fixmbr [device_name]
Where [device_name] is the device pathname of the drive to which you want to write a new master boot record. For example, the device pathname format for a standard bootable drive C configuration would look like this:
\Device\HardDisk0

#8: Disable automatic restart
When Windows XP encounters a fatal error, the default setting for handling such an error is to automatically reboot the system. If the error occurs while Windows XP is booting, the operating system will become stuck in a reboot cycle--rebooting over and over instead of starting up normally. In that case, you'll need to disable the option for automatically restarting on system failure.

When Windows XP begins to boot up and you see the message Please select the operating system to start or hear the single beep, press [F8] to display the Windows Advanced Options Menu. Then, select the Disable The Automatic Restart On System Failure item and press [Enter]. Now, Windows XP will hang up when it encounters the error and with any luck, it will display a stop message you can use to diagnose the problem.

#9: Restore from a backup
If you can't seem to repair a Windows XP system that won't boot and you have a recent backup, you can restore the system from the backup media. The method you use to restore the system will depend on what backup utility you used, so you'll need to follow the utility's instructions on how to perform a restore operation.

#10: Perform an in-place upgrade
If you can't repair a Windows XP system that won't boot and you don't have a recent backup, you can perform an in-place upgrade. Doing so reinstalls the operating system into the same folder, just as if you were upgrading from one version of Windows to another. An in-place upgrade will usually solve most, if not all, Windows boot problems.

Performing a Windows XP in-place upgrade is pretty straightforward. To begin, insert the Windows XP CD into the drive, restart your system, and boot from the CD. Once the initial preparation is complete, you'll see the Windows XP Setup screen (shown earlier in Figure A). Press [Enter] to launch the Windows XP Setup procedure. In a moment, you'll see the License Agreement page and will need to press [F8] to acknowledge that you agree. Setup will then search the hard disk looking for a previous installation of Windows XP. When it finds the previous installation, you'll see a second Windows XP Setup screen, as shown in Figure C.

Figure C

This screen will prompt you to press R to repair the selected installation or to press [Esc] to install a fresh copy of Windows XP. In this case, initiating a repair operation is synonymous with performing an in-place upgrade, so you'll need to press R. When you do so, Setup will examine the disk drives in the system. It will then begin performing the in-place upgrade.
Keep in mind that after you perform an in-place upgrade or repair installation, you must reinstall all updates to Windows.

Article source from : http://articles.techrepublic.com.com/5100-10878_11-6031733.html

How to find Trojan Horse

2009-08-22T03:07:00.002+08:00

1) Open the System Information Utility (msinfo32.exe). You will find it at: C:program filescommonmicrosoft sharedmsinfo. This program shows you all the processes running on any windows system, even those that are hidden from the task list that you normally use to look up the running processes on your PC. Now look for task listings which you do not recognize. Check the filenames and paths. Open your virus scanner and run the executable or .dll through it.

2) Open your antivirus software (If you don't have one, download AVG Anti-Virus Free Edition 7.5. It's pretty good and free). Run a virus scan. After the scan delete the value that was detected from the registry (first back up the registry!):

A) Click "Start > Run" B) Type "regedit" C) Click "OK" D) Go to the subkey:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRun HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRunServices HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRun HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetServices

E) Now delete any value in the right pane that was detected during the scan F) Exit the Registry Editor

3) If the steps 1) and 2) didn't help, download the free program HijackThis. It shows all the processes running on your system. Once listed, you can manually select and delete the fishy processes.

The problem is you have to know which processes are normal and which maybe caused by a trojan. If you delete the wrong ones - if the worst comes to worst - you won't be able to restart your system. To avoid this, you can post your hijack log on some internet forums and wait for help. This can take a lot of time - and get on your nerves as well. Once, it took me more than 2 weeks to completely cure my PC from a trojan attack. Nothing seemed to help, the anti-spyware programs on my system got stuck, the internet browsers didn't run like they should and there were no ominous processes in the hickjack log. Finally, in despair I tried the NoAdware Program - it was for free. It found 14 infections and after the files were deleted, the system worked like before. I don't know if it will solve your problem, but I wish, I had this program on my system from the beginning and could save all the time I wasted - and the bad emotions. You can download it here
P.S. This may also help: Restart your computer with your Boot-CD and run an antivirus program.

http://www.ultimatetrojanremover.com

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Steve_Wells

"b.exe" Popup

2009-08-18T19:31:00.006+08:00

Last few days, my laptop infected with this kind of Malware and I headache to find ways to solve this problem. As I do some research, this type of malware come from zip or rar file that I extract into my laptop. This is the ways to solve this problem :

First ways

Boot into safe mode.
Rename it to bBAD.exe so that it does not run on boot up.
Disable it so Windows does not try to run it on boot up.
Restart your PC
Update all your security software and run scans.

Second ways

Download Malwarebytes Anti-Malware 1.40
Install to your PC's or laptop
Update to the internet
Scan your PC's or laptop

If your do the second ways it more easy and faster. Just for a few minutes.

How To Manually Remove a Virus from Your Computer or Removable Disk

2009-08-17T02:42:00.004+08:00

Create a back-up. Safety comes above all else. Save your files on removable storage or on another partition aside from the Windows drive.

Run the Windows command prompt. You can run the Windows command prompt by either clicking on the Start Menu\All programs\Accessories\Command Prompt or by pressing Windows + R on the keyboard and typing "CMD."
Look for the directory or folder where the virus resides. Go to the folder where the virus is hiding. Its usually resides on the Windows temporary folder or on the Windows system folder. Check partitions and drives for viruses, e.g. type "cd e:\virus"
Show the hidden virus and remove its attributes. It will be easier if you can see the virus. Remove the virus attributes, which are read only, archive, system file, and hidden file. e.g. type "attrib -r -a -s -h virus.vbs"
Delete the virus. Say goodbye to the virus by deleting it, e.g. type "del virus.vbs"

PC restarted with their own

2009-08-17T02:20:00.002+08:00

Bootup in safe mode and then
start>>run>>type msconfig>>startup>> click all disable all
Restart>>boot up normally
Do a complete virus check with latest antivirus programs
Do a check on the internet about the programs in startup and remove the infected file

how to heal .exe viruses

2009-08-01T01:21:00.001+08:00

I have a problem with something “New Folder.exe” and I think it is a virus. I’ve tried using an Antivirus program to scan and remove the virus but it keeps coming back. It is messing up my computer I need help getting it off!

New Folder.exe virus is a more severe virus with some unusual effects. New Folder.exe virus disables the task manager, folder options, registry editors and creates .exe’s and folders throughout the file system. If you have the New Folder.exe infection, try this fix to remove it from your computer!

1. Download SDFix to your computer, run the .exe after its fully downloaded. It will extract the files to a %systemdrive%- usually C:/SDFix (Save it to your Desktop after)

2. After this has been completed, boot up into safe mode (Hit F8 during your computer start up and in the options, chose Safe Mode)

3. Rightclick on the SDFix.zip folder and choose Extract All. Open the extracted folder – C:\ SDFix and doubleclick on RunThis.bat to start the script.

4. Type in Y and it will run the script. It will automatically remove some registry keys that are/have been infected. Once that has been complete, it will ask you to press any key to reboot– it’s ok to reboot at this moment.

5. Your computer will be slower on reboot but that is normal for this process. Once your machine boots into the operating system, the utility will complete the removal process. When it is done, press any key and your desktop will load like normal!

This should take care of your fix, Good Luck!

Can't Update Antivirus, Or Acess ANY Antivirus Website.?

2009-07-29T14:06:00.002+08:00

1) If the virus disable your PC ability to download & update Kasperkey.

Download FREE Norman Malware Cleaner from another PC to USB pen drive.
http://www.softpedia.com/progDownload/No…

Then take the USB pen drive to your infected PC and use Norman Malware Cleaner to scan.

2) If Norman Malware Cleaner fail to clean your PC.
Install FREE ClamWin portable anti-virus in an USB pen drive and scan your PC with it.
Use another clean PC to download Clamwin portable anti-virus and install it on a USB pen drive.
http://portableapps.com/apps/utilities/c…

Start Clamwin anti-virus and update the latest anti-virus definition files.
Select the tools menu bar, set the preferences to remove virus.
Take the USB pen drive to your infected PC.
Start the infected PC in safe mode by pressing F8 during start up.
Run the Clamwin Anti-virus on the USB pen drive to scan the infected PC.

source from : http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081114155932AASQsom

how to skip activing vista for moment

2009-07-28T02:08:00.001+08:00

Install Windows Vista Ultimate edition (or other edition) without product key.
Windows Vista needs to be applied with 2099-ReArm trick, so that the counter of minutes to no activation required period will not return to normal after reboot. Click on Start Orb button.
Select “All Programs”, then “Accessories”.
Right click on “Command Prompt, then select “Run as Administrator (A)”.
If User Account Control (UAC) prompt a warning message, click on “Continue”.
In the command prompt, type date and press Enter. You will see the following:

Microsoft Windows [Version 6.0.6000]
Copyright (c) 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

C:\Windows\system32>date
Current date: 12/19/2006 Thursday
Enter new date:
Enter 12/31/2099 (December 31, 2099).
Next, type cscript slmgr.vbs -rearm. You will see something like the following:

C:\Windows\system32>cscript slmgr.vbs -rearm
Microsoft (R) Windows Script Host Version 5.7
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

The command completed successfully.
To make the change effectively, please restart the system.
Then reset the date of the system to current date again by typing date again. You will see the following:

Microsoft Windows [Version 6.0.6000]
Copyright (c) 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

C:\Windows\system32>date
Current date: 12/31/2099 Thursday
Enter new date:
Type in current date, i.e. 12/19/2006.
Exit from command prompt, but do not restart the computer
.
Download StopTimer.zip, StopTimer.zip, StopTimer.zip or StopTimer.zip torrent.
Extract the downloaded archive file into a folder. It should contains “Vista test crack.exe” and “timerstop.sys”.
Execute or run the “Vista test crack.exe” by right click on “Vista test crack.exe”, and select “Run as Administrator (A)”.
Optional: Press in Test button, and it will pop up a message says 4 timers are stopped. At this time, the counter should be freezed, Check with slmgr.vbs -dlv command, with the minutes left should be the same after a few minutes interval. If it’s the case, continue with the following steps to run the crack every startup.
In the Vista test crack window, click on “Install” button. You will be prompted with “Service installed” message if everything is done properly and correctly. The crack will copy the patched stoptimer.sys to system folder and install a new service named “timerstop” to stop kernel-mode timers in spsys.sys system file.
Exit from the crack, and restart the computer.
The hacking is basically done. Next few steps to to verify that the activation grace period built-in countdown timer is actually stopped and disable the timers from working properly, and make sure that the crack is installed properly. After restart, log on to Windows Vista. Run for a few minutes.
Press on Windows + R keys.
Type slmgr.vbs -dlv to check the time left to activate Windows Vista. If the time left is 43200 minutes that’s mean the crack is successful.

With the crack, you will have the following in the registry:

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\TimerStop]
“Type”=dword:00000001
“Start”=dword:00000002
“ErrorControl”=dword:00000000
“ImagePath”=hex(2):5c,00,3f,00,3f,00,5c,00,45,00,3a,00,5c,00,57,00,69,00,6e,00,\
64,00,6f,00,77,00,73,00,5c,00,73,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,33,00,32,\
00,5c,00,54,00,69,00,6d,00,65,00,72,00,53,00,74,00,6f,00,70,00,2e,00,73,00,\
79,00,73,00,00,00
“DisplayName”=”TimerStop”

Further information:

The TimerStop vista test crack works on all 32-bit x86 Windows Vista edition such as Vista Ultimate and Vista Home Premium. Success rate in 64-bit (x64) environment is likely to be low.
The crack will make the time left to activate Vista to become always 43200 minutes (30 days), and will not countdown or reduce.
It’s possible to access Windows Update if you install Windows Vista with default product key (no product key entered when installation).
During the first 3 days of activation grace period after installing Windows Vista, Microsoft has designed it in such a way that Vista will allow greatest flexibility for users to install required drivers and application during this period, so Vista won’t prompt any reminder message for activation. After crack, Vista OS will always run with 30 days left for activation, thus there will not be any watermark or reminder to activate.
It’s possible to pass Windows Vista Genuine Advantage (WVGA) validation, so users able to download Microsoft value-added software for genuine customers.
As mentioned above, as Vista will also remain in first 3 days of activation grace period, in theory, Microsoft will not be able to differentiate who is the newly installed system, or who is the ‘patched’ system, unless of course, they check for the specific file or system (privacy anyone?).
Users can only view that there is 30 more days for system to be activated in the system properties, but it won’t affect system usage or installation method.

On the other way, if you having problem with KB929391 Windows Vista Validation Updates, visit ways to remove or uninstall the Vista validation tool.

Can't open Folder Option

2009-07-27T23:57:00.002+08:00

This thing would happen if the Trojan has attack your computer.... This is the ways to solve this problem...

Many times Windows users face a common problem. The "Folder Options" in "Tools" menu is not visible. Even It can't be accessed from Control Panel. Also "Registry Editor" is disabled.

If you are also facing this problem, then you have come to right place. Follow the simple steps mentioned in this tutorial and your problem will be solved:

1. If Folder Options is disabled but Registry Editor is still working in your system, then you can enable Folder Options by editing Windows Registry. Type regedit in RUN dialog box and press Enter. it'll open Registry Editor, now go to following keys:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Current Version\Policies\Explorer
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Current Version\Policies\Explorer

In right-side pane, check whether a DWORD value named NoFolderOptions exists or not? If it exists, delete it.

2. If you are not familiar with editing the registry, then you can simply download following file, extract it and then run the .REG file:

folder_options.zip

3. But sometimes Registry Editor is also disabled. Whenever you try to open regedit, Windows will show following error message:

Registry Editor has been disabled by administrator.

Its a symptom of “RONTOKBRO” Trojan. To remove this trojan, follow the instructions given in following topic:

Is Your System Infected with a Virus / Spyware / Adware / Trojan?

4. If its not a trojan problem and someone intentionally has disabled it in your system, then you can enable it again by following any of these methods:

a. Type gpedit.msc in RUN dialog box and goto:

User Configuration -> Administrative Templates -> System

in right-side pane, set "Prevent access to Registry editing tools" to either Not Configured or Disabled.

b. Just type following in RUN dialog box and press :

REG add HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System /v DisableRegistryTools /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f

Now after enabling Registry Editor, you can re-enable Folder Options by following methods mentioned in 1st or 2nd steps.

If the folder option can open but the hidden file doesn't function..try this ways to solve this matters...enter this website http://bertk.mvps.org/html/spyware.html...this cause the file name trojan.psw.win32.qqrob.hl. infected to your system...delete it and your computer will be nowmal...

Honeynets

2009-07-24T01:25:00.000+08:00

A honeynet is a network of honeypots. A honeypot is an information system resource
whose value lies in unauthorized or illicit use of that resource, i.e. a honeypot is a
resource that is intended to be compromised. As we will see, a honeynet can provide the
system administrator with intelligence about vulnerabilities and compromises within the
network.

Any type of system can be placed within the honeynet. Standard production systems
can be used on the honeynet, in order to give the hacker the look and feel of a real
system. Moreover, virtual systems can be used to emulate or simulate a number of
computer systems inside one physical system, e.g. utilizing software like VMware or
honeyd. We will address this later on more thoroughly.

As previously noted, compromised systems pose a threat to the Internet. Since
honeypots will be compromised, it is crucial to protect other systems from being attacked
by them. Therefore, a honeynet is placed behind an entity called a honeywall. The
honeywall separates the honeynet and the Internet such that all inbound and outbound
data traffic has to flow through it. The honeywall limits the amount of malicious traffic
that can leave the honeynet so that an attacker is kept from attacking other machines on
the Internet using honeynet resources. This property of a honeynet setup is called data
control. Furthermore, the honeywall logs all traffic from and to the honeypots. This
property is known as data capture.

Low Level Formating

2009-07-24T00:41:00.003+08:00

I have find the ways to make low level formatting and it's fast..first you should download this software from this link HDD GURU (just click and it's connect through their website)..It's also easy to understand...It is administrator's free application of hard disk. It is quick and easy to use. He allows to format and of partition discs including flash.It supports discs: SATA, IDE, S-ATA (SATA), IDE (E-IDE), SCSI, USB, FIREWIRE, LBA-48 and even the external discs.One take care of the marks of disc following also: maxtor, Hitachi, Seagate, Samsung, Toshiba, Fujitsu, IBM, Quantum, Digital Western...

Good Luck!!!
=)

What is linux?

2009-07-24T00:33:00.004+08:00

What is GNU/Linux?

When you hear the word Linux, you may think of programmers with a beard typing obscure code on a black screen. Good news! things have changed.

The picture a view of a Fedora Linux desktop Linux is an operating system, a large piece of software that manages a computer. It is similar to Microsoft Windows, but it is entirely free. The accurate name is GNU/Linux but "Linux" is used more often.

Linux is not one company's product, but a number of companies and groups of people contribute to it. In fact, the GNU/Linux system is a core component, which is branched off into many different products. They are called distributions.

Distributions change the appearance and function of Linux completely. They range from large, fully supported complete systems (endorsed by companies) to lightweight ones that fit on a USB memory stick or run on old computers (often developed by volunteers).
A prominent, complete and friendly distribution to step into GNU/Linux is Ubuntu.
Using Linux

a view of a Ubuntu Linux desktop GNU/Linux is no harder to use than Windows, and has many more capabilities. It just takes a dozen minutes to get familiar with a distribution like Ubuntu or Fedora, which come in with many programs installed.

If you need commercial-quality software to work with business documents, Internet/networking, or multimedia and graphics, it's there right out of the box. Want more than that? Linux can do – there are many hundreds of free, high quality applications you can find, install and uninstall neatly and easily.

You shouldn't assume however, that Linux is a clone of Windows. To know what to expect when stepping into it, we suggest you read our Making the switch page.
The larger picture

When you get a distribution of GNU/Linux, you also get the freedom to study, copy, change, and redistribute it – that's what makes it truly free software.

Many companies develop their own operating system based on the core GNU software: products they do not have exclusive rights on. How does the wheel turn?

* Most companies make a profit by selling support and services around their GNU/Linux distribution. Corporate customers buy guaranteed security updates and assistance. Other services often include training and on-demand improvements to software.
* Some companies, such as HP or IBM, contribute to Linux because they pre-install it on servers they sell.
* An extremely wide community participates in the development and improvement of software, decreasing costs and improving efficiency.

In the end, individual end-users often get the software at zero cost, while corporate customers are often happy to pay for more support.

source from :www.getgnulinux.org/linux/

How to Create Ftp In Window XP

2009-07-15T11:30:00.000+08:00

Enabling My Network Places to Always Show Up

First, to get FTP in Windows XP,

Activate the “My Network Places” and set it up so that it always appears in the Start Menu.

Right-click on your Start button and then select “Properties” and press “Customize”

Click on the “Advance” tab

Scroll down for the check box next to the “My Network Places” and check it. Then, click OK and OK again at the other window.

“My Network Places” should be in your start menu. (Right as in you put the check in the check box next to “My Network Places”).

Actually setting it up

Open up “My Network Places”. On the left, right under where it says “Network Tasks”, there is an option, “Add a network place”. Click it.

Click “Next”, select “Choose another network location” and click “Next”. Finally, on this page, in the text box labeled as “Internet or network address”, simply type in your ftp address.

For example: ftp://koldfyre.enhacker.com

Then, just click “Next”. Uncheck “Log on anonymously” and then enter your user name and click “Next”.

Type a name for example: “name” and click “Next”.

Click “Finish”.

Now to access this FTP location, you simply need to go to “My Network Places” and then double-click on your FTP folder.

Increase wireless signals

2009-07-03T15:51:00.000+08:00

Florin from YouriTronics have taken a video where he shows how to make very simple WiFi signal reflector and this way increase the signal level to one direction. For this he used soda can cut in half. Probably everybody know parabolic antennas and ho do they reflect signal from focal point. If WiFi antenna is placed along can shape focal point, the signal waves will be directed to one direction. Of course soda can isn’t parabolic shape, but this cheap solution gives noticeable results.

Overclocking CPU

2009-06-28T21:46:00.001+08:00

Overclocking is a procedure often done to make a computer perform faster. The process can be applied to certain hardware components to make it perform at a higher clock rate.

The clock rate refers to the number of clock cycles per second. It is the speed in which the computer performs simple processes. Clock rate is measured in hertz.

Overclocking can be done on a number of computer parts, like processors, video cards, and motherboard chipsets.

The process is often done by computer enthusiasts who want to make their computer system run faster. Some computer resellers overclock a low-cost system and resell it for a profit.

Computer parts are marked with a specific performance rate. These may be the exact rate at which the parts passed standard testing. Some parts are marked at a lower rate to ensure that they do not malfunction. Manufacturers may rate parts at a lower rate to make sure that they are sold at a standard rate instead of being marked as a high-end component.

Before overclocking a computer, the user must make sure that the system is capable of handling the changes, and that the motherboard is capable of being overclocked. Some chipsets lack the features that allow their clock rates to be changed.

An overclocked system requires more power than the original system, but using incorrect settings or too much power can damage it. Overclocking the computer will also make it generate more heat. A new cooling system may be needed to counteract this effect. The system may become unstable after it has been overclocked. The warranty of the computer will also be voided once the system has been modified.

Two Ways to Overclock

There are two ways to overclock a CPU. Each has its own share of advantages and disadvantages. The first is through manipulating the CPU multiplier and the other is through the motherboard's front side bus (FSB).

When using the multiplier, computer users can only overclock the CPU and nothing else. They can diagnose any problems easier because no other components are involved. Computer users also have more freedom because it is relatively stable in relation to the other components. Although it is the most preferred way to overclock the CPU, it also possesses some disadvantages. The multiplier method can only be used for high end CPUs.

The Front Side Bus, on the other hand, is the most common method of overclocking the CPU. It can effectively speed up the rest of the computer system.

However, there may be times that other components of the computer will not be able to keep up once the user has overclocked the CPU. Components like RAM have a tendency to slow down with an overclocked CPU.

source form :http://www.symatech.net/overclock-cpu

How to set up wireless

2009-06-08T12:33:00.000+08:00

Choose a convenient location to begin installing your router such as an open floor space or table. This does not need to be the permanent location of the device. Particularly for wireless routers, you may find it necessary to re-position the unit after installing it as the cables / signals may not reach all areas needed. At the beginning, its better to choose a location where it's easiest to work with the router and worry about final placement later.

Plug in the router's electrical power source, then turn on the router by pushing the power button.

(Optional) Connect your Internet modem to the router. Most network modems connect via an Ethernet cable but USB connections are becoming increasingly common. The cable plugs into the router jack named "WAN" or "uplink" or "Internet." After connecting the cable, be sure to power cycle (turn off and turn back on) the modem to ensure the router recognizes it.

Connect one computer to the router. Even if the router is a wireless model, connect this first computer to the router via a network cable. Using a cable during router installation ensures the maximum reliability of the equipment. Once a wireless router installation is complete, the computer can be changed over to a wireless connection if desired.

Open the router's administration tool. From the computer connected to the router, first open your Web browser. Then enter the router's address for network administration in the Web address field and hit return to reach the router's home page.

Many routers are reached by either the Web address "http://192.168.1.1" or "http://192.168.0.1" Consult your router's documentation to determine the exact address for your model. Note that you do not need a working Internet connection for this step.

Log in to the router. The router's home page will ask you for a username and password. Both are provided in the router's documentation. You should change the router's password for security reasons, but do this after the installation is complete to avoid unnecessary complications during the basic setup.

If you want your router to connect to the Internet, you must enter Internet connection information into that section of the router's configuration (exact location varies). If using DSL Internet, you may need to enter the PPPoE username and password. Likewise, if you have been issued a static IP address by your provider (you would need to have requested it), the static IP fields (including network mask and gateway) given to you by the provider must also must be set in the router.

If you were using a primary computer or an older network router to connect to the Internet, your provider may require you to update the MAC address of the router with the MAC address of the device you were using previously. Read How to Change a MAC Address for a detailed description of this process.

If this is a wireless router, change the network name (often called SSID). While the router comes to you with a network name set at the factory, you will never want to use this name on your network. Read How to Change the Router SSID for detailed instructions.

Verify the network connection is working between your one computer and the router. To do this, you must confirmed that the computer has received IP address information from the router. See How to Find IP Addresses for a description of this process.

(If applicable) Verify your one computer can connect to the Internet properly. Open your Web browser and visit a few Internet sites such as http://compnetworking.about.com/.

Connect additional computers to the router as needed. If connecting wirelessly, ensure the network name (SSID) of each is computer matches that of the router.

Finally, configure additional network security features as desired to guard your systems against Internet attackers. These WiFi Home Network Security Tips offer a good checklist to follow.
Tips:
When connecting devices with network cables, be sure each end of the cable connects tightly. Loose cables are one of the most common sources of network setup problems.
What You Need:
A network router (wireless or wired)
Network adapters installed on all devices to be connected to the router
A working Internet modem (optional)
A Web browser installed at least one computer in the network

Introduction of HTML

2009-04-21T18:14:00.003+08:00

HTML is created as a text file with special codes embedded in it's content to direct the browser how to display the content. The special codes embedded are called tags. An example of an HTML Tag is "<>", which is used to designate Text is being Bold. You'll not that the Tag begins with a Less Than (<) and ends with a Greater Than (>).
Many times these tags appear in pairs (that are coincidentally referred to as Tag Pairs). In this case the second tag in the pair has a "/" immediately after the Less Than (<). So for the case of the beginning "" tag, the ending tag would be "". And for Bolding text this makes sense. All the text between the beginning and ending tag will be displayed as bold.
There will be several examples throughout the document but you can also got to the "Samples" page and look at the examples and also manipulate them right on the screen.

Prevent from hackers

2009-01-19T00:58:00.003+08:00

Step1

Always create a login there are huge number of new clients on existing sites whose entire back end does not even have a login. It is simply just asking for trouble and it shows the lack of knowledge the previous developer had.

Step2

Try to avoid using Internet Explorer. Internet Explorer is vulnerable to some hacking tools like spy ware, and other security issues, which make it a constant security threat. Install “Firefox” or any other alternative web browser when using the web application or when training your clients on your new web application

Step3

Do not forget to update your open source applications. If you do maintain any web sites than you need to check it regularly for updating the web applications and install them on their web site

Step4

Always encrypt your web application with SSL to avoid any one sniffing the data you are transmitting back and forth. Sniffing is another way by which hackers can gain usernames and passwords easily and get full access to your application.

Step5

Change your password after 1 or 2 weeks. This method is typically used to get resistance from hackers who manage to steal passwords

Step6

Always use strong passwords. Avoid using your last name, first name as password or simple word for logging into your system. A good password is the one, which does not make any sense and is hard to remember. Use combination of upper and lower case letters, digits, and punctuation to help prevent against dictionary attacks.

Step7

If you have installed a common open source application like “MediaWiki”, “Movable Type”, “Word Press” or “phpMyadmin” etc then these applications are normally installed at default locations like “wp”, “admin”, “phpMyAdmin”, or other folders which provides hackers a good guess at where your login screen is. As these applications are open source so hackers can easily find old security laps in the code and then exploit them if you have not yet upgraded your system. If you are going to install one of these applications then install them to a unique directory, which will be different than the default location. You will be safer from most hacking attempts

Step8

Another threat is the “SQL Injection attacks” which can grant a hacker direct access to your whole web application. To avoid SQL injection attacks; make sure you are escaping variable data before running SQL scripts to return login information for your system in nutshell.

Step9

9. Always link to open source software. Use a search engine to find web sites that link to Word Press.org and you will find thousands of blogs, which link back to Word Press because they use the popular blogging software. Now in this case hacker has a list of potential word press blogs to exploit. Do not to link back to the software you are using. It will prevent your site as a potential hacking victim.

Articles sources : http://www.ehow.com/how_2171609_prevent-website-hackers.html?ref=fuel&utm_source=yahoo&utm_medium=ssp&utm_campaign=yssp_art

Prevent from hackers

2009-01-19T00:58:00.000+08:00

Step1

Step2

Step3

Do not forget to update your open source applications. If you do maintain any web sites than you need to check it regularly for updating the web applications and install them on their web site

Step4

Step5

Change your password after 1 or 2 weeks. This method is typically used to get resistance from hackers who manage to steal passwords

Step6

Step7

Step8

Step9

What is Network

2009-01-17T00:06:00.003+08:00

A group of two or more computer systems linked together. There are many types of computer networks, including:

local-area networks (LANs) : The computers are geographically close together (that is, in the same building).

wide-area networks (WANs) : The computers are farther apart and are connected by telephone lines or radio waves.

campus-area networks (CANs): The computers are within a limited geographic area, such as a campus or military base.

metropolitan-area networks MANs): A data network designed for a town or city.

home-area networks (HANs): A network contained within a user's home that connects a person's digital devices.

In addition to these types, the following characteristics are also used to categorize different types of networks:

topology : The geometric arrangement of a computer system. Common topologies include a bus, star, and ring. See the Network topology diagrams in the Quick Reference section of Webopedia.

protocol : The protocol defines a common set of rules and signals that computers on the network use to communicate. One of the most popular protocols for LANs is called Ethernet. Another popular LAN protocol for PCs is the IBM token-ring network .

architecture : Networks can be broadly classified as using either a peer-to-peer or client/server architecture.

Computers on a network are sometimes called nodes. Computers and devices that allocate resources for a network are called servers.

(v.) To connect two or more computers together with the ability to communicate with each other.

Articles source : http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/N/network.html

Comparison linux and windows

2009-01-16T23:32:00.001+08:00

Most standard computer programs are available for Linux. If you depend on specialized programs, such as specific genealogy programs, you will need to run Windows; more about this at the end.

Several Linux programs can read and write Microsoft Office files. So, if all you do with a computer is manage e-mail, create documents, create graphics files and use spreadsheets, Linux programs do all those things very well.

Until recently Linux has been more difficult to install and use than Windows. However, over the last two years there has been a concerted effort by several Linux companies to make Linux easy to use by an average user.

But why should one bother learning to use a new operating system other than the Windows one she is now using?

Here are the reasons:

Linux hardly ever crashes, mainly because the basic low-level operating program (called the kernel) that keeps the computer running is small. So, even when things go wrong with some higher-level part of the operating system or with a program, the kernel keeps chugging away.
Linux almost never has to be rebooted after installing a new program. This saves much valuable user time and aggravation over the life time of a machine.
In most cases the Linux file system does not have to be defragmented regularly, such as Windows does, to keep it from slowing down.
Linux allows up to 16 different views of the desktop, I use 4 of them. In other words, programs that are running can be associated with different views of the desktop; you will see only the program windows for the desktop view of current interest. It is easy to switch from one desktop view to another by buttons on the task bar.
There are many free or inexpensive programs available for Linux.
It cost less to install and operate.

By the way, most of the servers that provide web pages on the Internet are running Linux.

There are several different versions of Linux that are vying now for the desktop market. I have tried Red Hat and Linspire (previously called Lindows, a version of Debian). I highly recommend LinSpire (http://www.linspire.com) for general users for the following reasons:

It is inexpensive.
It is designed to look and operate very much like MS Windows.
It installs easily and fast.
It comes loaded with all the programs that are needed for web browsing, e-mail, and word processing and many other tasks.
It has good on-line support.
It has an inexpensive add-on called Click-N-Run that allows the user to simply click on hundreds of programs toLinspire install them on Linspire. (Buy Linspire and Click-N-Run together to save money.)
Permission is not needed from Microsoft or Linspire.com to move Linspire from one machine to another owned by the same person. In fact, it can be installed on as many computers as there are in a given home at no extra charge.
You can install it as a dual boot with a Windows system in order to try it out while still keeping Windows available.
You can get Linspire on an inexpensive light-weight notebook.

If there is a need for a few specialized programs that are not available for Linux, one can run Win4Lin in Linspire in order to be able to run Windows 98 (Win4Lin Version 9x) or Windows XP (Version Pro 1.1). the total cost for both Win4Lin and Windows 98 is about $200. I have done this on my Linspire notebook and it works very well. You can buy Win4Lin 9x on Click-N-Run.

One last note: Linspire does not automatically set up a non-root account. It is best to do that and always run programs from that account. Then only use the root account when changes need to be made to the system that only a root account is allowed to do.

For information about how I set up a Linspire light-weight notebook to run Windows 98: http://www.roperld.com/GenLinNotebook.htm

Articles source : http://arts.bev.net/roperldavid/Linwincomp.htm

What is CPU

2009-01-15T01:03:00.001+08:00

Abbreviation for central processing unit, and pronounced as separate letters. The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the central processor,but more commonly called processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place. In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system.

On large machines, CPUs require one or more printed circuit boards. On personal computers and small workstations, the CPU is housed in a single chip called a microprocessor. Since the 1970's the microprocessor class of CPUs has almost completely overtaken all other CPU implementations.

The CPU itself is an internal component of the computer. Modern CPUs are small and square and contain multiple metallic connectors or pins on the underside. The CPU is inserted directly into a CPU socket, pin side down, on the motherboard. Each motherboard will support only a specific type or range of CPU so you must check the motherboard manufacturer's specifications before attempting to replace or upgrade a CPU. Modern CPUs also have an attached heat sink and small fan that go directly on top of the CPU to help dissipate heat.

Two typical components of a CPU are the following:

The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations.
The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.

How to Choose the Right Webcam For You

2009-01-13T00:26:00.003+08:00

What is a Webcam?

A webcam is a camera which is directly connected to a PC and, in many cases, the internet. A webcam is also almost always able to record video, not just still frames (though many can capture both). The objective is to record video directly onto your PC's hard drive, rather than onto a tape or onto the hard drive of an external camera.

Sometimes, people don't use Webcams to record video at all, opting instead to send live video "streaming" across the internet to a website or another computer's monitor.

Important Specifications for Webcams

There aren't a whole lot of technical details for webcams to differ from model to model. Here are a couple of the big ones you should keep in mind:

Resolution–The size and, ultimately, quality and clarity of the video you'll be recording. Larger numbers are better, but also use more hard drive space.

Frame Rate–The speed at which your video will be recorded in Frames Per Second, or FPS. This can mean the difference between a choppy set of still images (10 fps) to a smooth, cinema-like flow of sharp video (30 or 60 fps).

How do you choose the best webcam?

Your options for buying a webcam will be largely dependent upon what you want to do with it. People use webcams for all kinds of purposes, including to have video chats, to hold online business meetings or teleconferences, to monitor a situation or location from great distances, or to record and upload video diaries (aka video blogs, or "vlogs") to YouTube or their personal website.

If you plan on mainly video chatting with friends, or uploading video diaries to YouTube, the most simplistic of cameras will serve you just as well as the more expensive brands. These less expensive models will generally have a standard resolution of (640x480)–that's about as low as you should be going when it comes to resolution these days. These cameras will run well less than $100 from any retailer.

More exciting, and a little more expensive (though not as much as you'd think), you can actually buy webcams that record in High Definition resolution (960x720 or greater). These models cost closer to $100 on average, though still not much more than that.

Alternative Solutions

There are a couple of other options consumers have when it comes to more specialized webcam functions. In many cases, a standard video camera that can be found in many households today can be connected to a computer and utilized as a live webcam. This is an interesting option for people looking to have more control over their camera, and who need to utilize features such as zoom, tripod placement, or even multiple cameras simultaneously.

Of course, the more complicated the application, the more software and equipment are needed. But for most users, a simple webcam is a smart, fun way to become even more connected to the world around you.

Articles source :http://peripherals.about.com/od/webcamerasvideoinputs/a/BYBWebcam.htm

Assemble PC

2009-01-12T23:55:00.003+08:00

How To Assemble A Desktop PC
Components Procedure

Power Supply (PSU)
Install the power supply into the pc casing. Use the Philips screw driver to put screw for the PSU.

Motherboard
Install the system board.
Connect the system unit with front panel switches and the indicators to the system board. Verify system board jumper & switch setting.

Processor
Install the processor the PGA socket on the motherboard. Beware when pin0in the processor heatsink.

RAM
Install the memory module to the memory slot on motherboard.

Hard Disk
Install hard disk into pc case. Then, connect it with data cable (IDE,SATA) to the motherboard. Connect the hard disk with power cable (molex) from PSU.

Optical Drive
Install the optical drive (DVD Drive or CD Drive) into the pc casing. Then, connect it with data cable (IDE, SATA). Connect it with power cable (molex) from PSU.

Video Card/Graphics Card/GPU
Install the display adapter into the graphics slot (AGP, PCI-E). Then connect the graphics card with the power cable if it need extra power(graphics card requirement)

Keyboard
Connect the keyboard to the PS/2 port at back-side panel of casing.

Mouse
Connect the keyboard to the PS/2 port at back-side panel of casing.

Monitor
Connect the VGA cable from monitor to the graphics card. Then plug the monitor to electric.
Basic tools
Before you begin building or refitting a computer, you will need some basic tools:
1. 2 phillips-head (cross-shaped) screwdriver
2. Needlenose pliers
3. Anti-static Wrist Strap
4. A large level working space

What is RAM?

2009-01-12T23:32:00.001+08:00

RAM is an abbreviation for Random Access Memory. It usually refers to "temporary" memory, as when the system is shut down, the memory is lost. This is why the memory is referred to as being "random," as any piece of information can be circulated through the memory regardless of its location and its relation to any other information within the RAM. The first of the many RAMs to come in the future was created in 1951 and was used until the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Types of RAMs

The most widely used RAMs today are SRAMs (static RAMs), which stores data in a state of a flip-flop, or DRAMs (dynamic RAMs), Flash, and EPROM, which stores data as a charge in a capacitor. Another well known type of RAM, a ROM, is a type of a RAM that has permanently enabled/disabled selected transistors by using a metal mask. ROMs thus cannot store any further charges.

Flash memory is also widely used. Because SRAMs and DRAMs are known to be highly volatile, many new products adopt the flash memory technology. Some examples of devices using flash memory include portable music players, scientific calculators, mobile phones, and even certain types of personal computers such as the One Laptop per Child (OLPC) devices. Flash memory is divided into two types: the NOR type and the NAND type. The NOR type is the one able to conduct a random access, therefore being widely used as a ROM in today's market. However, as the NOR is not able to, it is often used in flash USB drives.

In today's computers, RAMs are shipped in a form of module known as DRAM modules or memory modules. It is about the size of a chewing gum and with the Plug n Play technology, these can easily be replaced by taking it out of the port and replacing it with a new one. Not to forget, there is also an extremely small amount of RAM (known as SRAMs) within CPUs, motherboards, hard drives, and other parts of the system.
RAM Swapping

Sometimes people will need more memory than what the RAM installed can offer during intensive application cycles. During these sessions, the computer will conduct a task known as swapping. This is when the computer temporarily uses the hard drive space in place of the memory. Thrashing is the term for constantly swapping, but as the name's connotation suggest, constant thrashing can decrease the overall system performance. More RAM being added can reduce the swapping rate.
Security Concerns

SDRAMs are known to not fully shut off when the power is cut. Instead, the stored memory is faded away. While this fading away only takes seconds in a normal room temperature, which is not the case in lower temperatures, which then the fading away can take up to minutes. Therefore, encrypted information could potentially be leaked as it is still stored in the memory.
Recent Developments

Currently non-volatile RAMs are under development, which will mean that memory can still be stored when the power is shut off. The more advanced step yet to have been taken was in 2004 when Nantero developed a fully functioning carbon nanotube memory type holding 10 GB. Recently in 2006, "Solid State Drives" with sizes of 150 GB and a faster speed than the normal hard drives have been created.

Artical from : http://www.tech-faq.com/ram.shtml

Introduction to computer

2009-01-12T19:30:00.003+08:00

Overview of computer

A computer system has three main components which is hardware, software and people

Hardware
The computer itself-and its associated equipment.

Software
The instructions that tell computer what to do. Software is also referred to as programs. More specifically, a program is a set of step-by-step that direct computer to do the task wanted and produces desire results.

People
A computer programmer is a person who write programs. Most of us simply use computer software written by someone else. This means were are users or people who purchase and computer software.

Computer is a machine that accepts data(input) and process it into useful information(output). A computer system consists of four main areas of data of handling which is input, processing, output and storage.

Internet security

2009-01-11T00:31:00.000+08:00

Today's Web is vastly different from yesteryear's Web and today's malware is vastly different from yesteryear's virus. No longer a form of digital graffiti, modern day malware is all about money. Your money, that is. This change in intent has also led to a corresponding change in tactics. Modern day malware is made to hide. Social engineering scams are increasingly sophisticated. Man-in-the-middle attacks can forcibly redirect you to hostile websites.

The Web has also changed. No longer a static one-sided delivery method, today's websites host and push content from a variety of sources. And the notion of surfing to only "known good sites" no longer applies. Today's dynamic Web technologies lend themselves to mass compromise of perfectly legitimate websites, outfitted with malicious scripts that turn the "known good site" into a virtual conveyor belt of malware.

The same technologies that foster Web developments also enable attackers to work smarter and faster. An attacker can use virtual hosting providers that redirect (and mask) a site's true origin. Automated tools leverage search engines to ferret out sites vulnerable to compromise. Other automated tools allow attackers to continually churn out repackaged malware designed to thwart signature-based antivirus. And in the darkest recesses of the Internet, the attackers use blogs, forums, and chat to barter malware and exploit frameworks.

And all of this is designed for profit - tricking you into laundering money, stealing your credit card details, siphoning your bank accounts, and even outright identity theft. Don't look to your bank to protect you either - if you don't directly foot the bill for the stolen funds, you'll indirectly pay for it with higher fees and higher prices sometime down the road.

The threat of compromised websites
Web pages are coded in various browser-friendly scripting languages, typically including combinations of HTML, Javascript, ActiveX, and CSS. When a request to a website is made, the source code for that page is loaded and interpreted by the browser. What you see in your browser is the visual manifestation of the source commands.

A Web page isn't just static content from one source. It supports multiple types of active content, including from third-parties. Google Adsense is a good example of that (as is any other third-party advertising included on a site). The same programming techniques used to load third party advertising can be used to load any third party content, including malicious content if so desired. And attackers use that to their advantage.

In other words, when you visit one website, you are in reality pulling content from several different sites and servers. In the past, the biggest web risk was that third party content might be booby-trapped. For example, a rogue advertiser might insert a malicious banner ad into the advertising network, which then was pulled by all participating websites.

Today, the risk has shifted dramatically. Attackers are directly compromising websites and outfitting them with malicious external calls to hostile content.

SQL Injection Attacks
One of the most common forms of Web site compromise are via SQL injection compromise. SQL is short for Standard Query Language, a scripting language used to manage databases. Many/most websites use some sort of database backend. This can be for everything from creating all or most of the site pages to storing information and generating search results pages. SQL injection attacks are malformed SQL queries that instruct the database to take some sort of unintended action beyond just returning requested data. In other words, a SQL injection attack tricks the database into responding to the query as if it were a command to take some specific action, versus just returning some type of information.

A database that is vulnerable to SQL injection can be compromised in a number of ways. Of most concern from an Internet safety standpoint are SQL injection attacks that embed malicious hidden iframes and malicious external references within the source code of the compromised Web pages.

When a Web surfer encounters one of these compromised pages, these hostile third-party references call up exploit code and malware from the attacker-owned sites. This action is invisible to the Web surfer - only a thorough examination of the website source code provides the tell-tale signs of the compromise; the page displayed by the browser looks perfectly normal.

Beginning in late October 2007, a series of SQL injection attacks began which continue to compromise millions of Web pages (past compromises include Ikea and WalMart). And because the malware is being delivered from reputable (but compromised) websites, the old advice to only surf to known reputable sites no longer helps. Worse, the malware foisted by the compromised sites typically consists of password stealers and backdoors. These password stealers and backdoors can be used to steal credit card information, bank account login credentials, and other sensitive financial or personal information.

When encountering one of these compromised sites, chances are you won't notice anything awry. The malware launches silently and once on the system it often uses rootkit technology to hide itself.

Staying Safe Online
Internet safety isn't about avoiding the unknown or untrusted. Today, Internet safety also includes guarding against threats coming from even the most staid, legitimate, and otherwise honorable websites. Or in the words of the X-Files, 'trust no one'.

To avoid being victimized by a compromised website, either use the NoScript addon for Firefox, or disable active scripting in Internet Explorer and Opera. For further details, see Web Browser Security. In addition, follow these computer safety tips to lessen your susceptibility should exposure occur.

article souce : http://antivirus.about.com/od/securitytips/a/internetsafety.htm

Spyware/adware

2009-01-10T23:47:00.007+08:00

What is Spyware/Adware
Spyware is software that has been created to track and report what you do on the computer! Some of the "worst" spyware will actually search your hard drive for personal information, credit card numbers, bank accounts, passwords, and other confidential information. Adware or Adaware is software that turns your computer into a "billboard" constantly loading ads onto your screen.

To manually install Windows Backup

2009-01-07T23:20:00.001+08:00

To manually install Windows Backup

1.Insert your Windows XP CD into your CD drive. If Windows XP Setup does not appear after several seconds, open My Computer, right-click your CD drive, and then click AutoPlay.

2.In the Welcome to Microsoft Windows XP window, click Perform additional tasks.

3.Click Browse this CD.

4.Double-click VALUEADD, double-click MSFT, and then double-click NTBACKUP to open the \VALUEADD\MSFT\NTBACKUP folder.

5.In the NTBACKUP folder, double-click NTBACKUP.

6.After setup is complete, click Finish.

You can now start Windows Backup by clicking Start, pointing to All Programs, pointing to Accessories, pointing to System Tools, and then clicking Backup. For more information about protecting your files from computer failure, read Back up your files.

Articles source : http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/using/setup/maintain/backupsw.mspx

Create a folder structure

2009-01-07T22:57:00.000+08:00

The most effective way to organize your files is to create a folder structure that fits how you use your computer. For example, you might have folders within My Documents for:

•Finances: Documents related to your budget and taxes
•School: Class notes and reports
•Work: Your résumé and other work-related documents
•Shopping: Notes comparing different products and stores
•Home: Records relating to home maintenance and improvements

To create a folder structure

1.Click Start, and then click My Documents.

2.Click the File menu, click New, and then click Folder.

3.Type the name for your new folder, and then press ENTER.

My Documents window with new folder

4.Repeat steps 2 and 3 to create additional folders.

Note: You can create sub-folders within folders for multiple levels of organization.

After you have created your folder structure, you can move files into your new folders

1.In My Documents, select the files or folders that you want to move. To select multiple files, hold down the CTRL key and click each file you want to select.

2.Click the Edit menu, and then click Cut.

My Documents Edit menu with Cut selected

3.Open the folder you want to store your files in. Click the Edit menu, and then click Paste.

Edit menu with Paste selected

4.Repeat steps 1-3 until you have moved all of your files to their new locations.

Now that you have an organized system of folders, when you save new files, be sure to save them in one of your folders to keep things organized.
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Browsing files

Sometimes you know where a file is stored, but there are so many files in the folder that it's difficult to find the file you want. The best way to search through a large folder is to use the Details view. The Details view allows you to quickly sort your files and view different types of information about all the files in a folder.

To use the Details view

1.Open the folder you want to browse

2.Click the Views button, and then click Details.
Folder with Details selected from expanded list of view options

3.To sort the files, click the column heading that you want to sort by. For example, to sort files from oldest to newest, click the Date Modified heading. To reverse the sort order (for example, to sort from newest to oldest), click the column heading twice.

Folder with images sorted by date modified

4.By default, the Details view shows the file name, date, size, and type. You can add other information as well. To add or remove columns, right-click a column heading, and then click More.

Adding detail information for images in a folder

5.In the Choose Details dialog box, select the columns you want to see in the Details view. For pictures and videos, you can add Dimensions to sort by size. For music, you can add Artist, Album Title, and Genre to make it easier to find the songs you want.

Choose Details dialog box

6.Click OK to add the columns to your Details view.

Choose Details window with OK button selected

When you modify the columns in the Details view, it affects only the folder you are viewing. To change the layout of all folders on your computer, read Specify how folders open.
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Searching for files

If you don't remember which folder you saved a file in, you can search for it. To search for a file

1.Click Start, and then click Search.

Start menu with Search selected

2.In the left pane, click the type of file you want to search for, or click All files and folders.

Search pane

3.Based on the type of file you chose to search for, specify your criteria. If you know part of the file name, type it. Then click Search.

Search pane with file type selected and file name text typed in text box

4.Windows XP searches your computer, which may take several minutes. Windows XP then displays the search results, which you can browse just like files in a folder. Once you are done searching, click Yes, finished searching.
Tip

Tip: If you want to view any of the search results, double-click the file and it will open in the relevant application. You can do this as many times as necessary to find the file you need.

Search pane, with Search results

Note: For even faster search results, download and install the MSN Search Toolbar with Windows Desktop Search. With Windows Desktop Search, you can find files on your computer in just a few seconds.

Articles source : http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/using/setup/maintain/filemgmt.mspx

Best Practices for Maintaining Your Computer

2009-01-07T22:29:00.000+08:00

1.Install all updates required by your IT department. Not installing updates as required by your IT department can expose your company to viruses and other security risks. Some companies even prevent computers from accessing the network if patches aren't installed after a set date. Also, find out if the IT department wants you to install updates on Office Update and Microsoft Update. If they do, make it a habit of checking those sites regularly. You'll save yourself the hassle of the IT department forcing you to install updates when it's not convenient for you.

2.Install only licensed programs. Make sure you or your company has a license for any software you install on your work computer. Your company can get sued for having software without a license installed on its machines. For example, installing a program your friend bought could present some problems. Software that you've bought a license for is probably fine, but double-check the license to make sure. Sometimes, software licenses bought for home use can not be installed at work as well.

3.Don't install different versions of software. Even if you prefer the version of software you use at home rather than work, don't install it on your work computer. You could have incompatibility problems with co-workers and your specific line of business applications. Your IT department may also not be able to make any required updates or provide technical support.

4.Let IT know when hardware isn't working. Fixing a broken computer yourself could just cause more problems. Your fixes, for example, could make the computer incompatible with the corporate network. Most IT departments have a helpdesk or technical assistance program designed for this type of work. The IT department may have already seen the same problem and have a known fix. Helping your IT department track common computer problems can also help them decide which brand and make of computer to order in the future.

5.Let IT know when you need something. Giving the IT department reasonable requests and adequate time for planning can help them respond to your needs. Otherwise, you may end up with computer software or hardware you didn't want—which can hinder how effective you are at work.

6.Don't download programs from Internet sites you don't trust. By downloading programs that may not be secure, you put all the computers on the network at risk.

7.Be aware of suspicious e-mails. Viruses introduced though e-mail may be disguised as a downloadable file. If an e-mail you receive is from someone you don't know, has strange text, or otherwise looks suspicious, contact your IT department. If you open it, you could potentially cause problems for you and you co-workers. If it is a virus, the IT department can ask other employees in the organization to look for similar e-mails.

8.Use online support resources. Many IT departments have created online internal help sites that could provide an answer to your computer problem. Each day, Help desks typically receive many questions that are already answered at these sites. The Gartner Group, which provides research and analysis on the IT industry, predicts that by 2005 support calls will be cut in half. Instead, employees will use self-help options—such as frequently asked questions (FAQ) and online how-to guides—to help solve problems. For help effectively using Microsoft products, you can also use the following resources:

•Microsoft Office Online Assistance Center
•Microsoft Knowledge Base
•Microsoft Windows XP Support Center

Articles source : http://www.microsoft.com/atwork/getstarted/maintain.mspx

keyboard

2009-01-07T16:29:00.000+08:00

The keyboard is the main input peripheral used by all computers. The keyboard allows for user input and action with the computer. Much like many type writers, the keyboard has all the letters of the alphabet, numbers 0 - 9 and additional special operational keys.

TYPES OF KEYBOARDS

QWERTY Keyboard - Developed by Sholes in 1868 and is now the official standard of computer keyboards [ISO9995]. The layout of the QWERTY keyboard was designed for two finger typing and was designed to help prevent stuck keys. Now with new technology, stuck keys are no longer an issue; and with the position of the keys, the hands are held close together helping to cause Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Given all the above problems, this is the most widely used keyboard because the lack of options, can be used without training, is used because of the difficulty of having to teach a different keyboard, and is cheap and easy to find.

Dvorak Keyboard - Developed by Dr. August Dvorak in 1936 as a solution to the outdated QWERTY keyboard. The layout of the keys on this keyboard make it easier and faster to type on when compared with other keyboards.

Chiclet Keyboard - Very small keyboard that was introduced with the PC Jr. with small keys spread out.

KEYBOARD LAYOUTS

Below is a few of the keyboard layouts explained in the above section.

Articles source : http://www.computerhope.com/help/keyboard.htm#05

information about graphic card

2009-01-07T13:14:00.000+08:00

The images you see on your monitor are made of tiny dots called pixels. At most common resolution settings, a screen displays over a million pixels, and the computer has to decide what to do with every one in order to create an image. To do this, it needs a translator -- something to take binary data from the CPU and turn it into a picture you can see. Unless a computer has graphics capability built into the motherboard, that translation takes place on the graphics card.

A graphics card's job is complex, but its principles and components are easy to understand. In this article, we will look at the basic parts of a video card and what they do. We'll also examine the factors that work together to make a fast, efficient graphics card.

2008 HowStuffWorks
The graphics card creates a wire frame image, then fills it in and adds textures and shading.

Think of a computer as a company with its own art department. When people in the company want a piece of artwork, they send a request to the art department. The art department decides how to create the image and then puts it on paper. The end result is that someone's idea becomes an actual, viewable picture.

A graphics card works along the same principles. The CPU, working in conjunction with software applications, sends information about the image to the graphics card. The graphics card decides how to use the pixels on the screen to create the image. It then sends that information to the monitor through a cable.

The Evolution of Graphics Cards

Graphics cards have come a long way since IBM introduced the first one in 1981. Called a Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA), the card provided text-only displays of green or white text on a black screen. Now, the minimum standard for new video cards is Video Graphics Array (VGA), which allows 256 colors. With high-performance standards like Quantum Extended Graphics Array (QXGA), video cards can display millions of colors at resolutions of up to 2040 x 1536 pixels.

Creating an image out of binary data is a demanding process. To make a 3-D image, the graphics card first creates a wire frame out of straight lines. Then, it rasterizes the image (fills in the remaining pixels). It also adds lighting, texture and color. For fast-paced games, the computer has to go through this process about sixty times per second. Without a graphics card to perform the necessary calculations, the workload would be too much for the computer to handle.

The graphics card accomplishes this task using four main components:

A motherboard connection for data and power
A processor to decide what to do with each pixel on the screen
Memory to hold information about each pixel and to temporarily store completed pictures
A monitor connection so you can see the final result

Processor and Memory

2008 HowStuffWorks
Graphics cards take data from the CPU and turn it into pictures. Find out the parts of a graphics card and read expert reviews of graphics cards.

Like a motherboard, a graphics card is a printed circuit board that houses a processor and RAM. It also has an input/output system (BIOS) chip, which stores the card's settings and performs diagnostics on the memory, input and output at startup. A graphics card's processor, called a graphics processing unit (GPU), is similar to a computer's CPU. A GPU, however, is designed specifically for performing the complex mathematical and geometric calculations that are necessary for graphics rendering. Some of the fastest GPUs have more transistors than the average CPU. A GPU produces a lot of heat, so it is usually located under a heat sink or a fan.

In addition to its processing power, a GPU uses special programming to help it analyze and use data. ATI and nVidia produce the vast majority of GPUs on the market, and both companies have developed their own enhancements for GPU performance. To improve image quality, the processors use:

Full scene anti aliasing (FSAA), which smoothes the edges of 3-D objects
Anisotropic filtering (AF), which makes images look crisper

Each company has also developed specific techniques to help the GPU apply colors, shading, textures and patterns.

As the GPU creates images, it needs somewhere to hold information and completed pictures. It uses the card's RAM for this purpose, storing data about each pixel, its color and its location on the screen. Part of the RAM can also act as a frame buffer, meaning that it holds completed images until it is time to display them. Typically, video RAM operates at very high speeds and is dual ported, meaning that the system can read from it and write to it at the same time.

Integrated Graphics

Many motherboards have integrated graphics capabilities and function without a separate graphics card. These motherboards handle 2-D images easily, so they are ideal for productivity and Internet applications. Plugging a separate graphics card into one of these motherboards overrides the onboard graphics functions.

The RAM connects directly to the digital-to-analog converter, called the DAC. This converter, also called the RAMDAC, translates the image into an analog signal that the monitor can use. Some cards have multiple RAMDACs, which can improve performance and support more than one monitor. You can learn more about this process in How Analog and Digital Recording Works.

The RAMDAC sends the final picture to the monitor through a cable. We'll look at this connection and other interfaces in the next section.

Input and Output

ADC Connectors

At one time, Apple made monitors that used the proprietary Apple Display Connector (ADC). Although these monitors are still in use, new Apple monitors use a DVI connection.

Graphics cards connect to the computer through the motherboard. The motherboard supplies power to the card and lets it communicate with the CPU. Newer graphics cards often require more power than the motherboard can provide, so they also have a direct connection to the computer's power supply.

Connections to the motherboard are usually through one of three interfaces:

PCI Express is the newest of the three and provides the fastest transfer rates between the graphics card and the motherboard. PCIe also supports the use of two graphics cards in the same computer.

Most graphics cards have two monitor connections. Often, one is a DVI connector, which supports LCD screens, and the other is a VGA connector, which supports CRT screens. Some graphics cards have two DVI connectors instead. But that doesn't rule out using a CRT screen; CRT screens can connect to DVI ports through an adapter.

Most people use only one of their two monitor connections. People who need to use two monitors can purchase a graphics card with dual head capability, which splits the display between the two screens. A computer with two dual head, PCIe-enabled video cards could theoretically support four monitors.

Photo courtesy of HowStuffWorks Shopper
This Radeon X800XL graphics card has DVI, VGA and ViVo connections.

In addition to connections for the motherboard and monitor, some graphics cards have connections for:

TV display: TV-out or S-video
Analog video cameras: ViVo or video in/video out
Digital cameras: FireWire or USB

Some cards also incorporate TV tuners. Next, we'll look at how to choose a good graphics card.

DirectX and Open GL DirectX and Open GL are application programming interfaces, or APIs. An API helps hardware and software communicate more efficiently by providing instructions for complex tasks, like 3-D rendering. Developers optimize graphics-intensive games for specific APIs. This is why the newest games often require updated versions of DirectX or Open GL to work correctly.

APIs are different from drivers, which are programs that allow hardware to communicate with a computer's operating system. But as with updated APIs, updated device drivers can help programs run correctly.

Choosing a Good Graphics Card

A top-of-the-line graphics card is easy to spot. It has lots of memory and a fast processor. Often, it's also more visually appealing than anything else that's intended to go inside a computer's case. Lots of high-performance video cards are illustrated or have decorative fans or heat sinks.

But a high-end card provides more power than most people really need. People who use their computers primarily for e-mail, word processing or Web surfing can find all the necessary graphics support on a motherboard with integrated graphics. A mid-range card is sufficient for most casual gamers. People who need the power of a high-end card include gaming enthusiasts and people who do lots of 3-D graphic work.

Photo courtesy of HowStuffWorks Shopper
Some cards, like the ATI All-in-Wonder, include connections for televisions and video as well as a TV tuner.

A good overall measurement of a card's performance is its frame rate, measured in frames per second (FPS). The frame rate describes how many complete images the card can display per second. The human eye can process about 25 frames every second, but fast-action games require a frame rate of at least 60 FPS to provide smooth animation and scrolling. Components of the frame rate are:

Triangles or vertices per second: 3-D images are made of triangles, or polygons. This measurement describes how quickly the GPU can calculate the whole polygon or the vertices that define it. In general, it describes how quickly the card builds a wire frame image.
Pixel fill rate: This measurement describes how many pixels the GPU can process in a second, which translates to how quickly it can rasterize the image.

Overclocking

Some people choose to improve their graphics card's performance by manually setting their clock speed to a higher rate, known as overclockings. People usually overclock their memory, since overclocking the GPU can lead to overheating. While overclocking can lead to better performance, it also voids the manufacturer's warranty.

The graphics card's hardware directly affects its speed. These are the hardware specifications that most affect the card's speed and the units in which they are measured:

GPU clock speed (MHz)
Size of the memory bus (bits)
Amount of available memory (MB)
Memory clock rate (MHz)
Memory bandwidth (GB/s)
RAMDAC speed (MHz)

The computer's CPU and motherboard also play a part, since a very fast graphics card can't compensate for a motherboard's inability to deliver data quickly. Similarly, the card's connection to the motherboard and the speed at which it can get instructions from the CPU affect its performance.

Articles source : http://computer.howstuffworks.com/graphics-card4.htm

Step to optimize your perfomance

2009-01-07T12:33:00.000+08:00

Clean up disk errors

Run once a week

Whenever a program crashes, or you experience some power outage, your computer may create errors on your computer's hard disk. Over time, the errors can slow your computer. Luckily, the Windows operating system includes a Disk Check program to check and clean any errors on your computer and keep it running smoothly.

To run Disk Check:

1.	In your Start menu, click My Computer.
2.	In the My Computer dialog box, right-click on the drive you wish to check for errors (for most of us this will be the C: drive, unless you have multiple drives on your computer), and click Properties.
3.	In the Properties dialog box, click the Tools tab. In the Error-Checking section, press the Check Now… button. A Check Disk dialog box displays, as shown below. Access Check Disk to check for errors on your computer.
4.	In the Check Disk dialog box, check all the check boxes. Click Start.
5.	You will see a message box that says you can schedule the disk check to start the next time you restart your computer. Click Yes. The next time you restart your computer, it will automatically run through a disk check before displaying your login screen. After the disk check finishes, Windows will automatically bring you to your login screen. Note: Check Disk can take more than an hour to check and clean errors on your computer.

Remove temporary files

Run once a week

Your computer can pick up and store temporary files when you're looking at Web pages and even when you're working on files in programs, such as Microsoft Word. Over time, these files will slow your computer's performance. You can use the Windows Disk Cleanup screen to rid your computer of these deadbeat files.

To run Disk Cleanup:

1.	In your Start menu, click My Computer.
2.	In the My Computer dialog box, right-click on the drive you wish to check for errors (for most of us this will be the C: drive, unless you have multiple drives on your computer), and click Properties.
3.	In the Properties dialog box, click Disk Cleanup. Use Disk Cleanup to help clear unused files from your computer.
4.	Disk Cleanup will calculate how much space you can free up on your hard drive. After its scan, the Disk Cleanup dialog box reports a list of files you can remove from your computer, as pictured below. This scan can take a while depending on how many files you have lying around on your computer. View results from the Disk Cleanup dialog box.
5.	After the scan is complete, in the Disk Cleanup dialog box, click View Files to see what Disk Cleanup will throw out once you give it the go ahead. You can check and uncheck boxes to define what you wish to keep or discard. When you're ready, click OK.
6.	You can also select the More Options tab within the Disk Cleanup screen to look for software programs you don't use much anymore. You then have the choice to remove these unused programs.

Rearrange your data

Run once a month

Don't be shocked, but your computer can get sloppy. Your computer often breaks files side by side to increase the speed of access and retrieval. However, as files are updated, your computer saves these updates on the largest space available on the hard drive, often found far away from the other adjacent sectors of the file.

The result: a fragmented file. Fragmented files cause slower performance. This is because your computer must now search for all of the file's parts. In other words, your computer knows where all the pieces are, but putting them back together, and in the correct order when you need them, can slow your computer down.

Windows includes a Disk Defragmenter program to piece all your files back together again (if only Humpty-Dumpty had been so lucky) and make them quicker to open.

To run the Disk Defragmenter:

1.	In your Start menu, click My Computer.
2.	In the My Computer dialog box, right-click on the drive you wish to check for errors (for most of us this will be the C: drive, unless you have multiple drives on your computer), and click Properties.
3.	In the Properties dialog box, click the Tools tab, and then in the Defragmentation section, click Defragment Now….
4.	In the Disk Defragmenter dialog box, select the Volume (most likely your Local Disk C:) at the top of the screen, and then click Analyze.
5.	After analyzing your computer, the Disk Defragmenter displays a message stating whether you should defragment your computer. Press Defragment to clean up your computer if necessary. The Disk Defragmenter will reorganize files by placing together and organizing them by program and size, as shown in Figure 5. Files being reorganizing with the Disk Defragmenter.

Make Internet Explorer run faster

The Web is a sparkling achievement of modern society. It's everywhere—from the home to the classroom. We use it to communicate, to work, to play—even to waste time when there's nothing else to do.

Yet there's nothing more frustrating than having this technical marvel at our fingertips 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, only to watch our computers access the Internet at a crawling pace. Thankfully, Microsoft Internet Explorer provides some useful options for quicker Web surfing. Let's look at these options now.

Reduce the size of your Web page history
Internet Explorer stores visited Web pages to your computer, organizing them within a page history by day. While it's useful to keep a couple days of Web history within your computer, there's no need to store more than a week's worth. Any more than that and you're collecting Web pages that will slow down your computer's performance.

To reduce your Web page history:

1.	In Internet Explorer, on the Tools menu, click Internet Options.
2.	In the Internet Options dialog box, in the History section, find the Days to keep pages in history: box. Type "1" in this box, as pictured in the image below. Click OK. Reduce the number of days to keep pages in history.

Don't save encrypted Web pages
Encrypted Web pages ask for usernames and passwords. These pages scramble information to prevent the reading of this sensitive information. You can define Internet Explorer to not save these types of pages. You'll free up space by saving fewer files to your computer, as well as keeping secure information off your computer.

To not save encrypted Web pages:

1.	In Internet Explorer, on the Tools menu, click Internet Options.
2.	In the Internet Options dialog box, click the Advanced tab.
3.	In the Settings section, scroll down to the Security section. Check the "Do not save encrypted pages to disk" option, as shown in the figure below. Click OK. Set up Internet Explorer so that you do not save encrypted Web pages.

Automate Microsoft Update

Configure once

Microsoft works constantly to release updates to Windows and other Microsoft products, including Office. At Microsoft Update, you can find and install all these updates—not just the critical ones. Often, these updates will improve your computer's performance.

You can make life easier by automating Microsoft Update so your computer downloads and installs all the updates without you having to worry about them.

To automate Microsoft Update:

1.	In your Start menu, click Control Panel.
2.	In the Automatic Updates dialog box, check the Automatic (Recommended) check box. You can define the time of day when your computer checks for updates. If the computer finds any updates, it will download and install them automatically for you.
3.	Click OK. Automate Microsoft Update to keep your computer up to date.

Install antivirus and antispyware programs

Computer viruses and spyware (hidden software that gathers information about you without your knowledge or consent when you're using a computer) both reduce system performance. Computer viruses can not only reduce performance, but they can also destroy data. Any computer that accesses the Internet should have antivirus and antispyware programs installed.

	Antivirus programs: Two of the most reliable computer virus programs around are Norton Internet Security and McAfee Internet Security Suite. Find additional antivirus programs on Windows Marketplace.
	Antispyware programs: For a great antispyware program, check out Windows Defender.

Smooth running
Follow these steps and you'll have your computer purring like a vintage Porsche (or whatever your dream car of choice is). And the best part—maintaining your computer is a lot less messy than an automobile. You don't even have to roll up your sleeves.

Article source from http://www.microsoft.com/athome/moredone/optimize.mspx#EKB

written by Chris Tull

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Step to optimize your perfomance

On This Page

Clean up disk errors

Run once a week

To run Disk Check:

Remove temporary files

Run once a week

To run Disk Cleanup:

Rearrange your data

Run once a month

To run the Disk Defragmenter:

Make Internet Explorer run faster

To reduce your Web page history:

To not save encrypted Web pages:

Automate Microsoft Update